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The 1782 Edict of Tolerance (''Toleranzedikt vom 1782'') was a religious reform of Emperor Joseph II during the time he was emperor of the Habsburg Monarchy as part of his policy of Josephinism, a series of drastic reforms to remodel Austria in the form of the ideal Enlightened state. Joseph II's enlightened despotism included the Patent of Toleration, enacted in 1781, and the Edict of Tolerance in 1782.〔Blitz, C. Rudolph. The Religious Reforms of Joseph II (1780-1790) and their Economic Significance.Pg. 583〕 The Patent of Toleration granted religious freedom to the Lutherans, Calvinists, and Serbian Orthodox,〔Blitz, C. Rudolph. The Religious Reforms of Joseph II (1780-1790) and their Economic Significance.Pg.585〕 but it wasn't until the 1782 Edict of Tolerance that Joseph II extended religious freedom to the Jewish population. Austria has had a long history on the subject of religious tolerance. This can be traced back to the 16th century when Martin Luther’s writings first appeared in the Habsburg monarchy in Austria. The appearance of Luther’s writings was threatening since they encouraged religious dissent of the Catholic faith, and its ecclesiastical system.〔O'Brien, H.C. Ideas of Religious Toleration at the time of Joseph II.''Transactions of the American Philosophical Society'' pg.7 Retrieved 02-2008〕 Joseph II was also inspired by economic motives,〔O'Brien, H.C. Ideas of Religious Toleration at the time of Joseph II. ''Transactions of the American Philosophical Society'' Retrieved 02-2008〕 as the emigration of the Protestant population out of Austria would have eventually lead up to an economic slump. ==1781 Patent of Toleration== (詳細はpharmacists, carpenters and blacksmiths.〔Blitz, C. Rudolph. The Religious Reforms of Joseph II (1780-1790) and their Economic Significance.Pg.584〕 The tolerated religions, however, were allowed to have congregations no larger than 100 people in a private home. If a certain sect had more than 100 families living in an area, they were allowed to build a church only if the church did not have a direct entrance from the street and had no visible appearance of being a church. When it came to the case of mixed marriages, there were also laws that had to be followed: if a Catholic man had children with a non-Catholic woman, all the children would be raised Catholic. In the case of a Catholic woman with a non-Catholic man, the girls would be raised Catholic while the boys would be raised non-Catholic.〔 Scrutiny from Catholic officials occurred in places, like Bohemia, where the officials attempted to preserve religious unity. In order to do this they had printed out all the pamphlets that described this edict in German. The population whom this would affect, however, generally could nt speak or read German.〔O'Brien, H.C. Ideas of Religious Toleration at the time of Joseph II.''Transactions of the American Philosophical Society'' pg.24 Retrieved 02-2008〕 Serbian Metropolitan Mojsije Putnik translated and published the tolerance patent in Serbian which meant for the equal rights for both members of the Serbian Orthodox Church and the Catholic Church in Sremski Karlovci. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「1782 Edict of Tolerance」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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